Monographs

Many compound verbs take the dative because of their meaning as a whole. So ἀντέχειν hold out against, ἀμφισβητεῖν dispute with ( ^cross1523 b).

The dative is used with verbs compounded with σύν (regularly), with many compounded with ἐν, ἐπί, and with some compounded with παρά, περί, πρός, and ὑπό, because the preposition keeps a sense that requires the dative.

ἐμβλέψα_ς αὐτῷ looking at him P. Charm. 162d, ἐλπίδας ἐμποιεῖν ἀνθρώποις to create expectations in men X. C. 1.6.19, αὐτοῖς ἐπέπεσε τὸ Ἑλληνικόν the Greek force fell upon them X. A. 4.1.10, ἐπέκειντο αὐτοῖς they pressed hard upon them 5. 2. 5, συναδικεῖν αὐτοῖς to be their accomplice in wrong-doing 2. 6. 27, ξυνίσα_σι Μελήτῳ ψευδομένῳ they are conscious that Meletus is speaking falsely (i.e. they know it as well as he does) P. A. 34b, οὗτοι οὐ παρεγένοντο βασιλεῖ these did not join the king X. A. 5.6.8, παρέστω ὑ_μῖν ὁ κῆρυξ let the herald come with us 3. 1. 46, Ξενοφῶντι προσέτρεχον δύο νεα_νίσκω two youths ran up to Xenophon 4. 3. 10, ὑποκεῖσθαι τῷ ἄρχοντι to be subject to the ruler P. G. 510c.

a. So especially with verbs of motion and rest formed from ἰέναι, πί_πτειν, τιθέναι, τρέχειν, εἶναι, γίγνεσθαι, κεῖσθαι, etc.

Some verbs of motion compounded with παρά, περί, ὑπό take the accusative ( ^cross1559).

Some verbs have an alternative construction, e.g. περιβάλλειν: τινί τι invest a person with something, τί τινι surround something with something.

Compounds of σύν take the instrumental, compounds of ἐν take the locative dative.

When the idea of place is emphatic, the preposition may be repeated: ἐμμείναντες ἐν τῇ Ἀττικῇ remaining in Attica T. 2.23; but it is generally not repeated when the idea is figurative: τοῖς ὅρκοις ἐμμένων abiding by one's oath I. 1.13. μετά may be used after compounds of σύν: μετ' ἐμοῦ συνέπλει he sailed in company with me L. 21.8.

The prepositions are more frequently repeated in prose than in poetry.