Monographs

Asseverative ἦ (prepositive) in truth, in sooth, verily, upon my honour, etc.; as ἦ καλῶς λέγεις P. G. 447c.

ἦ is usually associated with other particles.

ἦ γάρ when used alone in dialogue = is it not so? Cp. n'est ce pas, nicht wahr? Elsewhere it often has the force of am I to understand that asked with surprise. Thus, ἦ γὰρ νοεῖς θάπτειν σφ', ἀπόρρητον πόλει; what, dost

thou in truth intend to bury him, when it is forbidden to the citizens? S. Ant. 44.

ἦ δή expresses lively surprise.

ἦ καί is found in animated questions. Here καί goes closely with ἦ.

ἦ μήν (Hom. ἦ μέν, ἦ μά_ν) prefaces strong asseverations, threats, and oaths, in direct and indirect discourse. Thus, ἦ μὴν ἐγὼ ἔπαθόν τι τοιοῦτον in truth this was my experience P. A. 22a, ὄμνυ_μι θεοὺς . . . ἦ μὴν μήτε με Ξενοφῶντα κελεῦσαι ἀφελέσθαι τὸν ἄνδρα μήτε ἄλλον ὑ_μῶν μηδένα I swear by the gods upon my honour neither did Xenophon nor any one else among you bid me rescue the man X. A. 6.6.17.

ἦ που indeed, methinks, in poetry I ween. Here the shade of doubt indicated by πού is not real.

Interrogative ἦ ( ^cross2650) is probably the same as asseverative ἦ.