Monographs

A circumstantial participle ( ^cross2054) referring to a collective noun ( ^cross996) may be plural: τὸ στράτευμα ἐπορίζετο σῖτον κόπτοντες τοὺς βοῦς the army provided itself with provisions by killing the cattle X. A. 2.1.6. So after οὐδείς, as οὐδεὶς ἐκοιμήθη ( = πάντες ἐν ἀγρυπνίᾳ ἦσαν) τοὺς ἀπολωλότας πενθοῦντες no one slept because they were all bewailing the dead X. H. 2.2.3. Cp. ^cross950.

A plural participle may be used with a dual verb: ἐγελασάτην ἄμφω βλέψαντες εἰς ἀλλήλους both looked at each other and burst out laughing P. Eu. 273d. A dual participle may be used with a plural verb: ποῦ ποτ' ὄνθ' ηὑρήμεθα; where in the world are we? E. I. T. 777.

A dual subject may be followed by a plural predicate adjective or participle: εἰ γάρ τις φαίη τὼ πόλει τούτω πλείστων ἀγαθῶν αἰτία_ς γεγενῆσθαι if any one should assert that these two cities have been the cause of very many blessings I. 12.156.

A predicate adjective is neuter singular when the subject is an infinitive, a sentence, or a general thought: ἡδὺ πολλοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἔχειν ; is it pleasant to have many enemies? D. 19.221, δῆλον δ' ὅτι ταῦτ' ἐστὶν ἀληθῆ it is clear that these things are true 2. 19.

A predicate adjective referring to a masculine or feminine singular subject is often neuter singular and equivalent to a substantive. This occurs chiefly in statements of a general truth, where the subject refers to a whole class, not to an individual thing. Thus, καλὸν εἰρήνη peace is a fine thing D. 19.336, ἄπιστον ταῖς πολι_-

τείαις ἡ τυραννίς despotism is an object of mistrust to free states 1. 5, μεῖζον πόλις ἑνὸς ἀνδρός the state is larger than the individual P. R. 368e. So also in the plural ( ^cross1056).

So with names of places: ἔστι δὲ ἡ Χαιρώνεια ἔσχατον τὴς Βοιωτία_ς Chaeronea is on the frontier of Boeotia T. 4.76.

A predicate superlative agrees in gender either with the subject or (usually) with a dependent genitive: νόσων χαλεπώτατος φθόνος envy is the most fell of diseases Men. fr. 535, σύμβουλος ἀγαθὸς χρησιμώτατον ἁπάντων τῶν κτημάτων a good counsellor is the most useful of all possessions I. 2.53.

For a predicate adjective used where English has an adverb, cp. ^cross1042.

A predicate adjective is often used in the neuter plural (especially with verbal adjectives in -τός and -τέος in Thucydides and the poets): ἐπειδὴ ἑτοῖμα ἦν, ἀνήγετο when (all) was ready, he put out to sea T. 2.56, ἀδύνατα ἦν τοὺς Λοκροὺς ἀμύ_νεσθαι it was impossible to resist the Locrians 4. 1, ἐδόκει ἐπιχειρητέα εἶναι they decided to make the attempt 2. 3. Cp. ^cross1003 a.