Monographs

Herbert Weir Smyth [n.d.], A Greek Grammar for Colleges; Machine readable text [info] [word count] [Smyth].

368

The Tense-stems.—The tenses fall into nine classes called tense-systems. Each tense-system has its own separate tense-stem.

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SYSTEMS. TENSES.

I. Present, including present and imperfect.

II. Future, “ future active and middle.

III. First aorist, “ first aorist active and middle.

IV. Second aorist, “ second aorist active and middle.

V. First perfect, “ first perfect, first pluperfect, and fut. perf., active.

VI. Second perfect, “ second perfect and second pluperfect active.

VII. Perfect middle, “ perfect and pluperfect middle (pass.), future perfect.

VIII. First passive, “ first aorist and first future passive.

IX. Second passive, “ second aorist and second future passive.

The tense-stems are explained in detail in 497-597.

a. Since few verbs have both the first and second form of the same tense ( ^cross361), most verbs have only six of these nine systems; many verbs do not even have six. Scarcely any verb shows all nine systems.

b. There are also secondary tense-stems for the future passive, the pluperfect, and the future perfect.

c. The tense-stems assume separate forms in the different moods.

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Herbert Weir Smyth [n.d.], A Greek Grammar for Colleges; Machine readable text [info] [word count] [Smyth].

	SYSTEMS.		TENSES.
I.	Present,	including	present and imperfect.
II.	Future,	“	future active and middle.
III.	First aorist,	“	first aorist active and middle.
IV.	Second aorist,	“	second aorist active and middle.
V.	First perfect,	“	first perfect, first pluperfect, and fut. perf., active.
VI.	Second perfect,	“	second perfect and second pluperfect active.
VII.	Perfect middle,	“	perfect and pluperfect middle (pass.), future perfect.
VIII.	First passive,	“	first aorist and first future passive.
IX.	Second passive,	“	second aorist and second future passive.