Monographs

The Personal Pronouns.—The pronouns of the first, second, and third person are declined as follows:

SINGULAR
Nom.	ἐγώ I	σύ thou	— he, she, it ( cross325 d)
Gen.	ἐμοῦ; μου enclitic	σοῦ; σου enclitic	οὗ; οὑ enclitic
Dat.	ἐμοί; μοι enclitic	σοί; σοι enclitic	οἷ; οἱ enclitic
Acc.	ἐμέ; με enclitic	σέ; σε enclitic	ἕ; ἑ enclitic

DUAL
N. A.	νώ we two	σφώ you two
G. D.	νῷν	σφῷν

PLURAL
Nom.	ἡμεῖς we	ὑ_μεῖς you	σφεῖς they
Gen.	ἡμῶν	ὑ_μῶν	σφῶν
Dat.	ἡμῖν	ὑ_μῖν	σφίσι (ν)
Acc.	ἡμᾶς	ὑ_μᾶς	σφᾶς

a. The enclitic forms μου, μοι, με; σου, σοι, σε are used when the pronoun is unemphatic, the longer forms ἐμοῦ, ἐμοί, ἐμέ and the accented σοῦ, σοί, σέ are

used when the pronoun is emphatic. Thus, δός μοι τὸ βιβλίον give me the book, οὺκ ἐμοί, ἀλλὰ σοὶ ἐπιβουλεύουσι they are plotting not against me, but against you. See ^cross187 a. On the use after prepositions see ^cross187 N. 2.

b. For ἐγώ, ἐμοί, σύ the emphatic ἔγωγε, ἔμοιγε ( ^cross186 a), σύγε occur. Also ἐμοῦγε, ἐμέγε.

c. The use of the plural you for thou is unknown in Ancient Greek; hence ὑ_μεῖς is used only in addressing more than one person.

d. Of the forms of the third personal pronoun only the datives οἷ and σφίσι (ν) are commonly used in Attic prose, and then only as indirect reflexives ( ^cross1228). To express the personal pronouns of the third person we find usually: ἐκεῖνος, οὗτος, etc., in the nominative ( ^cross1194), and the oblique forms of αὐτός in all other cases.

e. For the accus. of οὗ the tragic poets use νιν (encl.) and σφε (encl.) for masc. and fem., both sing. and pl. (= eum, eam; eos, eas). Doric so uses νιν. σφίν is rarely singular (ei) in tragedy.

f. ἡμῶν, ἡμῖν, ἡμᾶς, ὑ_μῶν, ὑ_μῖν, ὑ_μᾶς, when unemphatic, are sometimes accented in poetry on the penult, and -ι_ν and -α_ς are usually shortened. Thus, ἥμων, ἧμιν, ἧμας, ὕ_μων, ὗμιν, ὗμας. -ι_ν and -α_ς are sometimes shortened even if the pronouns are emphatic, and we have ἡμίν, ἡμάς, ὑ_μίν, ὑ_μάς. σφάς occurs for σφᾶς.

1. Homer inflects the personal pronouns as follows. (The forms ἀμμ-, ὐμμ- are Aeolic).

SINGULAR
Nom.	ἐγώ, ἐγών	σύ, τύ_νη
	( ἐμεῖο, ἐμέο, ἐμεῦ,	σεῖο, σέο, σεο (encl.	εῖο, ἕο, ἑο (encl.),
Gen.	( μευ (encl.), ἐμέθεν	A cross396), σεῦ,	εὗ, εὑ (encl.),
	(	σευ (encl.), σέθεν	ἕθεν, ἑθεν (encl.)
Dat.	ἐμοί, μοι (encl.)	σοί, τοι (encl.), τεΐν	ἑοῖ, οἷ, οἱ (encl.)
Acc.	ἐμέ, με (encl.)	σέ, σε (encl.)	ἑέ, ἕ, ἑ (encl.), μιν (encl.)

DUAL
N. A.	νῶϊ, νώ	σφῶϊ, σφώ	σφωε (encl.)
G. D.	νῶϊν	σφῶϊν, σφῷν (δ 62)	σφωϊν (encl.)

PLURAL
Nom.	ἡμεῖς, ἄμμες	ὑ_μεῖς, ὔμμες (and voc.)
Gen.	( ἡμείων, ἡμέων	ὑ_μείων, ὑ_μέων	σφείων, σφέων,
	(		σφεων (encl.), σφῶν
Dat.	( ἡμῖν, ἄμμι (ν)	ὑ_μῖν, ὔμμι (ν)	σφίσι (ν), σφισι (ν) (encl.),
	(		σφιν (encl.)
Acc.	( ἡμέας, ἄμμε	ὑ_μέας, ὔμμε	σφέας, σφεας (encl.),
	(		σφε (encl.)

σφε (encl.) is used as accus. of all genders and numbers.

2. Herodotus inflects the personal pronouns as follows:

SINGULAR
Nom.	ἐγώ	σύ
Gen.	ἐμέο, ἐμεῦ, μευ (encl.)	σέο, σεῦ, σευ (encl.)	εὑ (encl.)
Dat.	ἐμοί, μοι (encl.)	σοί, τοι (encl.)	οἱ (encl.)
Acc.	ἐμέ, με (encl.)	σέ, σε (encl.)	ἑ (encl.), μιν (encl.)

PLURAL
Nom.	ἡμεῖς	ὑ_μεῖς	σφεῖς
Gen.	ἡμέων	ὑ_μέων	σφέων, σφεων (encl.)
Dat.	ἡμῖν	ὑ_μῖν	σφίσι, σφισι (encl.)
Acc.	( ἡμέας	ὑ_μέας	σφέας, σφεας (encl.), neut.
	(		σφεα (encl.)

σφίσι is used for ἑαυτοῖς, -αῖς; σφι (encl.) for αὐτοῖς, -αῖς; σφεα (encl.) for αὐτά.

3. Ionic μιν (encl.) is used in all genders (eum, eam, id), but not in the plural. ἄμμι, ὔμμε occur a few times, σέθεν often, in tragedy.

4. The chief forms peculiar to Doric are: I. ἐγών also before consonants; G. ἐμέος, ἐμοῦς, ἐμεῦς; D. ἐμίν; Pl. N. ἁ_μές; G. ἁ_μέων, ἁ_μῶν; D. ἁ_μίν (ι_), ἇμιν; A. ἁ_μέ. II. τύ, τύ_νη; G. τέος, τεοῦς, τεῦς, τέο, τεῦ, τεοῦ; D. τίν, τί_νη; A. τέ, τίν, τύ; Pl. N. ὑ_μές; G. ὑ_μέων; D. ὑ_μίν, ὗμιν; A. ὑ_μέ. III. G. ἑοῦς, ἑοῦ; D. ϝίν; A. νίν; Pl. G. σφείων, ψέων; D. φίν, ψίν; A. σφέ, ψέ.

Stems.—I. (ε') με- (cp. Lat. me), νω- (cp. Lat. νο_-ς), (ε') μο-, ἡμε-. ἐμοῦ is from ἐμέο; ἡμεῖς from ἀμμε-ες ( ^cross37) with the rough breathing in imitation of ὑ_μεῖς; ἡμῶν from ἡμέων, ἡμᾶς from ἡμέας with α_ not η by 56. ἐγώ is not connected with these stems. II. συ- and σε- from τϝε; το-; σφω-; ὑ_με- from ὑμμε- ( ^cross37). III. ἕ for σϝε (cp. Lat. se), ἑέ for σεϝε, οἷ for σϝο-ι, and σφε-. The form of the stems and formation of the cases is often obscure.

The Intensive Pronoun αὐτός.—αὐτός self is declined thus:

	SINGULAR				DUAL				PLURAL
	Masc.	Fem.	Neut.		Masc.	Fem.	Neut.		Masc.	Fem.	Neut.
Nom.	αὐτός	αὐτή	αὐτό	N.A.	αὐτώ	αὐτά_	αὐτώ	Nom.	αὐτοί	αὐταί	αὐτά
Gen.	αὐτοῦ	αὐτῆς	αὐτοῦ	G.D.	αὐτοῖν	αὐταῖν	αὐτοῖν	Gen.	αὐτῶν	αὐτῶν	αὐτῶν
Dat.	αὐτῷ	αὐτῇ	αὐτῷ					Dat.	αὐτοῖς	αὐταῖς	αὐτοῖς
Acc.	αὐτόν	αὐτήν	αὐτό					Acc.	αὐτούς	αὐτά_ς	αὐτά

αὐτός is declined like ἀγαθός ( ^cross287), but there is no vocative and the neuter nominative and accusative have no -ν. But ταὐτόν the same is common ( ^cross328 N.).

Hdt. has αὐτέων in the genitive plural. For the crasis ωὐτός (Hom.), ωὑτός, τωὐτό (Hdt.), see ^cross68 D.

αὐτός is a definite adjective and a pronoun. It has three meanings:

a. self: standing by itself in the nominative, αὐτὸς ὁ ἀνήρ or ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτός the man himself, or (without the article) in agreement with a substantive or pronoun; as ἀνδρὸς αὐτοῦ of the man himself.

b. him, her, it, them, etc.: standing by itself in an oblique case (never in the nominative). The oblique cases of αὐτός are generally used instead of οὗ, οἷ, ἕ, etc., as ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ his father, οἱ παῖδες αὐτῶν their children.

c. same: when it is preceded by the article in any case: ὁ αὐτὸς ἀνήρ the same man, τοῦ αὐτοῦ ἀνδρός of the same man.

N.—The article and αὐτός may unite by crasis ( ^cross68 a): αὑτός, αὑτή, ταὐτό or ταὐτόν; ταὐτοῦ, ταὐτῆς; ταὐτῷ, ταὐτῇ, etc. Distinguish αὑτή the same f. from αὕτη this f.; ταὐτά the same n. from ταῦτα these things n.; ταὐτῇ from ταύτῃ.

Reflexive Pronouns.—The reflexive pronouns (referring back to the subject of the sentence) are formed by compounding the stems of the personal pronouns with the oblique cases of αὐτός. In the plural both pronouns are declined separately, but the third person has also the compounded form. The nominative is excluded by the meaning. There is no dual.

	myself	thyself	himself, herself, itself
Gen.	ἐμαυτοῦ, -ῆς	σεαυτοῦ, -ῆς (σαυτοῦ, -ῆς)	ἑαυτοῦ, -ῆς, -οῦ (αὑτοῦ, -ῆς, -οῦ)
Dat.	ἐμαυτῷ, -ῇ	σεαυτῷ, -ῇ (σαυτῷ, -ῇ)	ἑαυτῷ, -ῆ, -ῷ (αὑτῷ, -ῇ, -ῷ)
Acc.	ἐμαυτόν, -ήν	σεαυτόν, -ήν (σαυτόν, -ήν)	ἑαυτόν, -ήν, -ό (αὑτόν, -ήν, -ό)

	ourselves	yourselves	themselves
Gen.	ἡμῶν αὐτῶν	ὑ_μῶν αὐτῶν	ἑαυτῶν or σφῶν αὐτῶν
Dat.	ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς, -αῖς	ὑ_μῖν αὐτοῖς, -αῖς	ἑαυτοῖς, -αῖς, -οῖς or σφίσιν
			αὐτοῖς, -αῖς
Acc.	ἡμᾶς αὐτούς, -ά_ς	ὑ_μᾶς αὐτούς, -ά_ς	ἑαυτούς, -ά_ς, -ά or σφᾶς αὐ-
			τούς, -ά_ς

a. For ἑαυτῶν, etc., we find αὑτῶν, αὑτοῖς, -αῖς, αὑτούς, -ά_ς. Distinguish αὑτοῦ of himself from αὐτοῦ ( ^cross328).

Hom. never compounds the two pronouns: thus, ἐμέθεν αὐτῆς, σοὶ αὐτῷ, οἷ αὐτῷ, ἑὲ αὐτόν, ἓ αὐτήν. Hdt. has a few cases of the uncompounded forms; usually ἐμεωυτοῦ, -τῷ, -τόν, σεωυτοῦ, ἑωυτοῦ, ἑωυτῶν, -οῖσι, -ούς, and σφέων αὐτῶν, etc. The forms with εωυ started with ἑωυτῷ in the dative from ἑο (ῖ) αὐτῷ, and spread thence to the other cases.

Possessive Pronouns.—Possessive pronouns, formed from the stems of the personal pronouns, are declined like ἀγαθός, ἄξιος ( ^cross287).

ἐμός ἐμή ἐμόν	my, my own; mine	ἡμέτερος -α_ -ον	our, our own; ours
σός σή σόν	thy, thine own; thine	ὑ_μέτερος -α_ -ον	your, your own; yours
[ὅς ἥ ὅν	his (her, its) own]	σφέτερος -α_ -ον	their own

a. Distinguish the adjectival from the pronominal use: ὁ ἐμὸς φίλος or ὁ φίλος ὁ ἐμός my friend (adj.) from φίλος ἐμός a friend of mine (pron.). See ^cross1196 a.

b. ὅς is not used in Attic prose. For his, her, its, αὐτοῦ, -ῆς, -οῦ are used.

1. Hom. has also τεός thy, ἑός for ὅς his, her own, ἁ_μός our, ὑ_μός your, σφός their (rarely of the singular), νωΐτερος of us two, σφωΐτερος of you two. For ἐμός Attic poetry may use ἁ_μός (sometimes printed ἀ_μός) our.

2. ὅς, ἑός in Hom. may mean my own, your own ( ^cross1230 a).

Reciprocal Pronoun.—The reciprocal pronoun, meaning one another, each other, is made by doubling the stem of ἄλλος (ἀλλ-αλλο-). It is used only in the oblique cases of the dual and plural. (Cp. alii aliorum, alter alterius).

		DUAL			PLURAL
Gen.	ἀλλήλοιν	ἀλλήλαιν	ἀλλήλοιν	ἀλλήλων	ἀλλήλων	ἀλλήλων
Dat.	ἀλλήλοιν	ἀλλήλαιν	ἀλλήλοιν	ἀλλήλοις	ἀλλήλαις	ἀλλήλοις
Acc.	ἀλλήλω	ἀλλήλα_	ἀλλήλω	ἀλλήλους	ἀλλήλα_ς	ἄλληλα

The Definite Article.—The definite article ὁ, ἡ, τό (stems ὁ-, ἁ_-, το-) is thus declined:

	SINGULAR				DUAL				PLURAL
Nom.	ὁ	ἡ	τό	N. A.	τώ	τώ	τώ	Nom.	οἱ	αἱ	τά
Gen.	τοῦ	τῆς	τοῦ	G. D.	τοῖν	τοῖν	τοῖν	Gen.	τῶν	τῶν	τῶν
Dat.	τῷ	τῇ	τῷ					Dat.	τοῖς	ταῖς	τοῖς
Acc.	τόν	τήν	τό					Acc.	τούς	τά_ς	τά

a. The definite article is a weakened demonstrative pronoun, and is still used as a demonstrative in Homer ( ^cross1100).

b. τά_ (especially) and ταῖν, the feminine forms in the dual, are very rare in the authors, and are unknown on Attic prose inscriptions of the classical period.

Hom. has also gen. τοῖο, gen. dat. dual τοῖιν; nom. pl. τοί, ταί; gen. pl. fem. τά_ων; dat. pl. masc. τοῖσι, fem. τῇσι, τῇς (Hdt. τοῖσι, τῇσι). Doric are τῶ, τᾶς, etc.; pl. also N. τοί, ταί; G. fem. τᾶν. Generally poetic are τοῖσι, ταῖσι. τοὶ μέν, τοὶ δέ occur rarely in tragedy for οἱ μέν, οἱ δέ.

Demonstrative Pronouns.—The chief demonstrative pronouns are ὅδε this (here), οὗτος this, that, ἐκεῖνος that (there, yonder).

SINGULAR
Nom.	ὅδε	ἥδε	τόδε	οὗτος	αὕτη	τοῦτο	ἐκεῖνος	ε κείνη	ἐκεῖνο
Gen.	τοῦδε	τῆσδε	τοῦδε	τούτου	ταύτης	τούτου	ἐκείνου	ἐκείνης	ἐκείνου
Dat.	τῷδε	τῇδε	τῷδε	τούτῳ	ταύτῃ	τούτῳ	ἐκείνῳ	ἐκείνῃ	ἐκείνῳ
Acc.	τόνδε	τήνδε	τόδε	τοῦτον	ταύτην	τοῦτο	ἐκεῖνον	ἐκείνην	ἐκεῖνο

DUAL
N. A.	τώδε	τώδε	τώδε	τούτω	τούτω	τούτω	ἐκείνω	ἐκ είνω	ἐκείνω
G. D.	τοῖνδε	τοῖνδε	τοῖνδε	τούτοιν	τούτοιν	τούτοιν	ἐκείνοιν	ἐκείνοιν	ἐκείνοιν

PLURAL
Nom.	οἵδε	αἵδε	τάδε	οὗτοι	αὗται	ταῦτα	ἐκεῖνοι	ἐκεῖναι	ἐκεῖνα
Gen.	τῶνδε	τῶνδε	τῶνδε	τούτων	τούτων	τούτων	ἐκείνων	ἐκείνων	ἐκείνων
Dat.	τοῖσδε	ταῖσδε	τοῖσδε	τούτοις	ταύταις	τούτοις	ἐκείνοις	ἐκείναις	ἐκείνοις
Acc.	τούσδε	τά_σδε	τάδε	τούτους	ταύτα_ς	ταῦτα	ἐκείνους	ἐκείνα_ς	ἐκεῖνα

a. ὅδε is formed from the old demonstrative ὁ, ἡ, τό this or that, with the indeclinable demonstrative (and enclitic) ending -δε here (cp. hī-c from hī-ce, Fr. ce-ci). For the accent of ἥδε, οἵδε, αἵδε see ^cross186.

b. οὗτος has the rough breathing and τ in the same places as the article. ου corresponds to the ο, αυ to the α, of the article. For οὗτος as a vocative, see ^cross1288 a. (οὗτος is from ὁ + the particle *υ + the demonstrative suffix το ς).

c. ἐκεῖνος has a variant form κεῖνος in poetry, and sometimes in prose (Demosthenes). (ἐκεῖνος stands for ἐκε (ι) -ενος from ἐκεῖ there + suffix -ενος.)

d. Other demonstrative pronouns are

τοσόσδε	τοσήδε	τοσόνδε	so much, so many )	pointing forward
τοιόσδε	τοιά_δε	τοιόνδε	such (in quality) )	(to what follows).
τηλικόσδε	τηλικήδε	τηλικόνδε	so old, so great )

These are formed from -δε and the (usually) poetic τόσος, τοῖος, τηλίκος with the same meanings.

e. Combinations of the above words and οὗτος are

τοσοῦτος	τοσαύτη	τοσοῦτο (ν)	so much, so many )	pointing backward
τοιοῦτος	τοιαύτη	τοιοῦτο (ν)	such (in quality) )	(to what precedes).
τηλικοῦτος	τηλικαύτη	τηλικοῦτο (ν)	so old, so great )

The forms in -ν are more common than those in -ο. Attic prose inscriptions have only -ον.

Hom. always, Hdt. rarely, has the final ν.

f. The dual rarely has separate feminine forms.

g. The deictic suffix -ι_ may be added to demonstratives for emphasis. Before it α, ε, ο are dropped. Thus, ὁδί_ this man here, ἡδί_, τοδί_, G. τουδί_, τησδί_, etc.; οὑτοσί_, αὑτηί_, τουτί_, οὑτοιί_, τουτωνί_. So with other demonstratives and with adverbs: τοσουτοσί_, οὑτωσί_, ὡδί_. For -ι_ we have, in comedy, -γι_ or (rarely) -δι_ formed from γ (ε), δ (ε) + ί_. Thus, αὑτηγί_, τουτογί_, τουτοδί_.

For τοῖσδε Hom. has also τοῖσδεσσι or τοῖσδεσι. Doric has n. pl. τούτοι, ταύται, gen. pl. fem. ταυτᾶν (Aeol. ταύτα_ν). κεῖνος occurs in Hdt. (together with ἐκεῖνος). Doric and Aeolic have κῆνος.

Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns.—The interrogative pronoun τίς, τί who, which, what? never changes its accent to the grave ( ^cross154). The indefinite pronoun τὶς, τὶ any one, some one, anything, something is enclitic ( ^cross181 b).

SINGULAR
		Interrogative			Indefinite
Nom.	τίς		τί	τὶς		τὶ
Gen.		τίν-ος, τοῦ			τιν-ός, τοῦ
Dat.		τίν-ι, τῷ			τιν-ί, τῷ
Acc.	τίν-α		τί	τινά		τὶ

DUAL
N. A. V.	τίν-ε	τιν-έ
G. D.	τίν-οιν	τιν-οῖν

PLURAL
Nom.	τίν-ες		τίν-α	τιν-ές		τιν-ά
Gen.		τίν-ων			τιν-ῶν
Dat.		τί-σι (ν)			τι-σί (ν)
Acc.	τίν-ας		τίν-α	τιν-άς		τιν-ά

a. ἄττα (not enclitic) is sometimes used for the indefinite τινά. ἄττα is derived from such locutions as πολλάττα, properly πολλά ττα (for τyα).

Hom. and Hdt. have G. τέο, τεῦ, D. τέῳ (τῷ Hom.), G. τέων, D. τέοισι. These forms are also indefinite and enclitic (gen. τεῶν Hdt.). Hom. has ἄσσα for the indefinite τινά.

ἄλλος.—The indefinite pronoun ἄλλος another (Lat. alius, cp. ^cross110) is declined like αὐτός: ἄλλος, ἄλλη, ἄλλο (never ἄλλον).

Δεῖνα.—The indefinite pronoun δεῖνα, always used with the article, means such a one. It is declined thus: sing. ὁ, ἡ, τὸ δεῖνα; τοῦ, τῆς, τοῦ δεῖνος; τῷ, τῇ, τῷ δεῖνι; τὸν, τὴν, τὸ δεῖνα; plur. (masc.) οἱ δεῖνες, τῶν δείνων, τοὺς δεῖνας. Example: ὁ δεῖνα τοῦ δεῖνος τὸν δεῖνα εἰσήγγειλεν such a one son of such a one impeached such a one [D.] 13. 5. δεῖνα is rarely indeclinable. Its use is colloquial and it occurs (in poetry) only in comedy.

Other indefinite pronominal adjectives are: ἕτερος, -α_, -ον: with article, the other, one of two, the one (Lat. alter, alteruter); without article, other, another, a second (alius). By crasis ( ^cross69) ἅ_τερος, θά_τερον, etc. ἑκάτερος, -α_, -ον: each (of two) uterque; pl. either party, both parties, as utrique. ἕκαστος, -η, -ον: each, each one, every, every one, used of more than one (quisque). μόνος, -η, -ον: alone, only, sole. πᾶς ( ^cross299): all, entire, every. The negatives οὐδείς, μηδείς ( ^cross349 b) no one (poetical οὔτις, μήτις, in prose only οὔτι, μήτι, declined like τὶς; accent ^cross186), Lat. nemo, nullus. οὐδέτερος, μηδέτερος neither of two (Lat. neuter).

Relative Pronouns.—The relative pronoun ὅς, ἥ, ὅ who, which, that is declined thus:

	SINGULAR				DUAL				PLURAL
Nom.	ὅς	ἥ	ὅ	N. A.	ὥ	ὥ	ὥ	Nom.	οἵ	αἵ	ἅ
Gen.	οὗ	ἧς	οὗ	G. D.	οἷν	οἷν	οἷν	Gen.	ὧν	ὧν	ὧν
Dat.	ᾧ	ᾗ	ᾧ					Dat.	οἷς	αἷς	οἷς
Acc.	ὅν	ἥν	ὅ					Acc.	οὕς	ἅ_ς	ἅ

a. The feminine dual forms ἅ_ and αἷν are seldom, if ever, used in Attic.

b. ὅς is used as a demonstrative in Homer and sometimes in prose ( ^cross1113).

c. The enclitic particle -περ may be added to a relative pronoun (or adverb) to emphasize the connection between the relative and its antecedent. Thus, ὅς-περ, ἥ-περ, ὅ-περ the very person who, the very thing which; so ὥσπερ just as. ὅσπερ is declined like ὅς.

d. Enclitic τε is added in ἐφ' ᾧτε on condition that, οἷός τε ( ^cross186 a) able to, ἅτε inasmuch as.

1. Hom. uses the demonstrative forms ὁ, ἡ, τό ( ^cross332) as relatives ( ^cross1105). In this case the nom. pl. has τοί, ταί ( ^cross332 D.).

2. Besides the forms in 338, Hom. has gen. ὅο (miswritten ὅου) and ἕης.

3. Hdt. has ὅς, ἥ, τό, οἵ, αἵ, τά. In the oblique cases he uses τοῦ, τῆς, etc.; though, especially after prepositions capable of elision, he has the relative forms, as δι' οὗ, παρ' ᾧ, κατ' ἥν, ὑπ' ὧν; also ἐς ὅ.

The indefinite or general relative pronoun ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι whoever (any-who, any-which), any one who, whatever, anything which, inflects each part (ὅς and τὶς) separately. For the accent, see ^cross186.

SINGULAR
Nom.	ὅστις	ἥτις	ὅ τι
Gen.	οὗτινος, ὅτου	ἧστινος	οὗτινος, ὅτου
Dat.	ᾧτινι, ὅτῳ	ᾗτινι	ᾧτινι, ὅτῳ
Acc.	ὅντινα	ἥντινα	ὅ τι

DUAL
N. A.	ὥτινε	ὥτινε	ὥτινε
G. D.	οἷντινοιν	οἷντινοιν	οἷντινοιν

PLURAL
Nom.	οἵτινες	αἵτινες	ἅτινα, ἅττα
Gen.	ὧντινων, ὅτων	ὧντινων	ὧντινων, ὅτων
Dat.	οἷστισι (ν), ὅτοις	αἷστισι (ν)	οἷστισι (ν), ὅτοις
Acc.	οὕστινας	ἅ_στινας	ἅτινα, ἅττα

a. The neuter ὅ τι is sometimes printed ὅ, τι to avoid confusion with the conjunction ὅτι that, because.

b. The shorter forms are rare in prose, but almost universal in poetry (especially ὅτου, ὅτῳ). Inscriptions have almost always ὅτου, ὅτῳ, ἅττα.

c. The plural ἅττα is to be distinguished from ἄττα ( ^cross334 a).

d. τὶς may be added to ὁπότερος, ὅσος, οἷος ( ^cross340) to make them more indefinite, as ὁποῖός τις of whatsoever kind.

e. οὖν, δή, or δήποτε may be added to the indefinite pronouns to make them as general as possible, as ὁστισοῦν (or ὅστις οὖν), ἡτισοῦν, ὁτιοῦν any one whatever, any thing whatever, and so ὁποιους-τινας-οῦν, ὁστις-δή-ποτε, or ὁστις-δηποτ-οῦν. In these combinations all relative or interrogative force is lost.

f. The uncompounded relatives are often used in an exclamatory sense, and sometimes as indirect interrogatives. Indefinite relatives may be used as indirect interrogatives.

Hom. has the following special forms. The forms not in () are used also by Hdt. In the nom. and acc. Hdt has the usual forms.

		SINGULAR			PLURAL
Nom.	(ὅτις)		(ὅ ττι)			ἅσσα
Gen.		(ὅττεο), (ὅττευ) ὅτευ			ὅτεων
Dat.		ὅτεῳ			ὁτέοισι
Acc.	(ὅτινα)		(ὅ ττι)	(ὅτινας)		ἅσσα

Correlative Pronouns.—Many pronominal adjectives correspond to each other in form and meaning. In the following list poetic or rare forms are placed in ().

Interrogative:			Relative	Indefinite Relative
Direct or	Indefinite	Demonstrative	(Specific) or	or Indirect
Indirect	(Enclitic)		Exclamatory	Interrogative
τίς who?	τὶς	(ὁ, ὅς) ὅδε this	ὅς who, which	ὅστις whoever,
which? what?	some one, any	(here), hic	qui	any one who
qui?	one, aliquis,	οὗτος this, that		quisquis,
	quidam	is, ille		quicunque
		ἐκεῖνος ille
πότερος	πότερος or	ἕτερος the one or	ὁπότερος	ὁπότερος
which of two?	ποτερός one of	the other of two	whichever	whichever
uter?	two (rare)	alter	of the two	of the two
				utercumque
πόσος how	ποσός of some	(τόσος) ( so	ὅσος as	ὁπόσος
much? how	quantity or	τοσόσδε ( much,	much as,	of whatever
many? quan-	number	τοσοῦτος ( so	as many as	size, number
tus? quot?		( many	quantus, quot	quantuscumque,
		tantus, tot		quotquot
ποῖος	ποιός of some	(τοῖος) ) such	οἷος of which	ὁποῖος
of what sort?	sort	τοιόσδε ) talis	sort,	of whatever sort
qualis?		τοιοῦτος )	(such) as	qualiscumque
			qualis
πηλίκος	πηλίκος	( so old,	ἡλίκος of	ὁπηλίκος
how old?	of some	( so	which age,	of whatever age
how large?	age, size	(τηλίκος) ( young,	size, (as old,	or size
		τηλικόσδε ( so	large) as
		τηλικοῦτος ( large,
		( so
		( great

Hom. has (Aeolic) ππ in ὁππότερος, ὁπποῖος, and σς in ὅσσος, τόσσος, etc. Hdt. has κ for π in (ὁ) κότερος, (ὁ) κόσος, (ὁ) κοῖος.